基于深度学习的睑板腺腺体分割方法研究

目的：探讨应用深度学习技术解决睑板腺腺体自动分割问题的效果与价值。

方法：采集并筛选出193幅红外睑板腺图像构建图像数据库,由3名临床医师对图像进行人工标记; 引入UNet++网络与自动数据增广策略构建睑板腺腺体自动分割模型,采用精确率、敏感性、特异性、准确率和交并比分析该模型的可行性与有效性。

结果：以人工标注结果为金标准,基于UNet++的睑板腺腺体自动分割模型取得94.31%的准确率,敏感性、特异性分别为82.15%和96.13%,腺体分割表现具有较好的稳定性,模型处理单张图像的平均用时仅为0.11s。

结论：引入深度学习技术实现睑板腺腺体的自动分割,具有良好的准确性、稳定性和高效性,可服务于睑板腺功能障碍患者腺体形态参数的计算,辅助相关疾病的临床诊断和筛查,提高诊断效率。     

Inflammation and dry eye disease—where are we?

The presence of inflammation in dry eye disease (DED) results in increased patient symptomatology, ocular surface damage and worsening tear dysfunction. It also affects the health of meibomian glands and their secretions which further aggravates ocular surface disease. This article reviews current knowledge regarding ocular surface inflammation in DED and explores the relationships between the vicious cycles of DED, inflammation and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The clinical evaluation of eyes with such changes, markers that identify the presence of inflammation on the ocular surface and current treatment options are discussed.     

生长激素缺乏但持续增高:垂体柄中断合并垂体多激素缺乏一例报告及文献复习

Normal function of growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor Ⅰaxis is essential for linear growth after birth. A case of continuous growth with undetectable growth hormone level even under insulinhypoglycemia stimulation was reported. The growth hormone deficiency was due to pituitary stalk interruption combined with deficiency of multiple pituitary hormones. Taken together with reviewed literature, this so-called nongrowth hormone-dependent linear growth was preconditioned by other hormones, especially gonadotropin deficiency,and the unclosed epiphysis.     

长期摄入过量碘大鼠甲状腺的形态学变化

目的观察大鼠长期摄入过量碘甲状腺的形态学变化。方法选用Wistar大鼠给予不同剂量的碘化钾,分别于实验3、6、12月时处死观察甲状腺质量、组织学变化、阳性增殖细胞数量等指标。结果低碘组大鼠甲状腺明显肿大,呈小滤泡性增生,阳性增殖细胞显著增多。各高碘组甲状腺虽未发生肿大,但发生了明显的组织学变化,主要表现为胶质蓄积,大滤泡增多,同时存在小滤泡增生;在5倍和10倍高碘(5HI,10HI)组两种变化均可见到,但在50倍和100倍高碘(50HI,100HI)组滤泡增生变得明显,阳性增殖细胞亦明显增多,但不及低碘组。结论长期摄入过量碘使大鼠甲状腺发生了明显组织学变化,但仍不足以形成甲状腺肿大;在50HI和100HI摄入时滤泡增生变得明显,提示甲状腺存在促甲状腺激素(TSH)刺激。     

Use of melatonin in the treatment of paediatric sleep disorders

Abstract: A group of Vancouver health professionals, including the authors, have studied the use of oral melatonin in the treatment of chronic sleep disorders in children with disabilities since the Fall of 1991. This review article is based on the first 100 patients, half of whom were visually impaired or blind. Children with neurological, neuropsychiatric, and developmental disabilities are predisposed to chronic sleep-wake cycle disturbances. Disorders such as blindness, deafblindness, mental retardation, autism, and central nervous system diseases, among others, diminish the ability of these individuals to perceive and interpret the multitude of cues for synchronizing their sleep with the environment. Melatonin, which benefitted slightly over 80% of our patients, appears to be a safe, inexpensive, and a very effective treatment of sleep-wake cycle disorders. The oral dose of fast release melatonin taken at bed-time ranged from 2.5 mg to 10 mg. Side effects or the development of tolerance have not been observed. Since the causes of sleep difficulties are extremely variable, not all children are candidates for treatment. For successful melatonin treatment, clinical experience is required, and the influences of other health problems and medications need to be considered. Further clinical and laboratory research in this field is imperative because melatonin treatment offers enormous health, emotional, social, and economic benefits to society, especially since multidisabled children with chronic sleep difficulties do not respond well to current therapeutic regimes.     

腮腺内表皮样囊肿典型病例报告

<正>表皮样囊肿,可发生于身体的任何部位。口腔颌面部常见于口底、颏下、眼睑、额、鼻、眶外侧及耳下等部位。其好发于浅表部位,深部的常被误诊。发生于腮腺区的表皮样囊肿较少见,发生于腮腺内的更为罕见。现将1例典型病例报告如下。     

Thyroid hormone profile during annual reproductive cycle of diploid and triploid catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

Triploid fishes generally show sterility along with retarded gonadal development and aneuploid gametes. In teleosts, thyroid hormones influence seasonal adaptations and annual events such as reproduction. In addition, thyroid hormone deposition in matured ova is important for reproductive success as the role of thyroid hormones in early development and metamorphosis is well established. The present study deals with measurements of free and total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the plasma of triploid and diploid catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) in a complete reproductive cycle. Accumulations of total T4 and T3 within the oocytes have also been measured during the spawning period from fishes of both ploidy groups. No difference of plasma free hormones was noticed between the diploids and triploids of both the sexes in any period of reproductive cycle, although, seasonal variations were noted in both the groups. A significant decrease in the total thyroid hormone levels was noticed in plasma of the diploids in the spawning period compared to triploid fish. During the same period, accumulation of THs was significantly higher in the oocytes of diploids than that of the triploids. Thyroid gland structure also revealed a higher state of activity in the female diploids than the triploids during spawning period. Lower activity of thyroid tissue, higher levels of THs in plasma, and lower accumulation of maternally derived hormones in the oocytes of triploid females during spawning period may be associated with sterility of triploids.     

腮腺区包块的临床诊断与治疗分析

目的：通过对我院近9年192例腮腺包块的统计分析,探讨腮腺包块分布类型,以及最佳治疗方案。方法：回顾分析192例腮腺包块病例,随访其治疗效果,并进行进行统计分析。结果：192例腮腺肿瘤中,良性肿瘤125例,恶性肿瘤34例,非肿瘤性包块33例。腮腺包块中良性肿瘤占大多数,常见类型为淋巴乳头状囊腺瘤和多形性腺瘤。恶性肿瘤所占比例较少,以黏液表皮样癌和腺样囊性癌居多。非肿瘤性包块多为炎性包块。肿瘤治疗以手术切除为主。炎性包块多采用抗炎治疗。结论：腮腺区包块涵盖的疾病复杂,应根据肿瘤性质、位置及范围选择合适的治疗或手术方案。     

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目的分析腮腺肿瘤的临床和病理学特点,提高腮腺肿瘤诊断水平和,临床治愈率。方法选择2010年9月至2011年2月中国医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科收治的经组织病理学确诊的腮腺区肿瘤患者145例,对其临床和病理学特点进行回顾性分析。结果145例腮腺肿瘤中,良性肿瘤118例,恶性肿瘤27例。良性肿瘤术后有暂时性面瘫6例,涎瘘1例,味觉出汗综合征1例;恶性肿瘤复发2例,永久性面瘫2例。结论腮腺区肿瘤治疗首选手术方式,且术式选择应根据肿瘤的实际情况来决定。